Using this mechanism, sensor nodes alternately wake up and sleep based on their schedules. A series of MAC protocols were proposed to adopt the duty-cycling mechanism for energy conservation. It is crucial for WSNs to utilize energy efficiently because of the limited capacity of the battery equipped by sensors. In such scenarios, a number of sensors are deployed either randomly or in a specific topology (e.g., linear topology) with one or a few sink nodes, where the sensed data are forwarded to the sink node in a many-to-one communication paradigm. One of their significant applications is long-term sustainable monitoring, such as natural environment and structure-monitoring , industrial process monitoring , etc. ![]() ![]() Different applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have different topology requirements and communication paradigms, and thus require different network design approaches .
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